He said, "Influenced by Communist smiling diplomacy, bluffing and temptations, appeasers of the world have lost their ability to distinguish right from wrong and no longer have the conscience to promote the good and punish the wicked. Perverse theory is prevailing. Justice is giving ground to the forces of evil. These developments have confused the camp of freedom and abetted the growth of Communism. Even so, the fierce struggle for freedom of the people shut behind the Iron Curtain and the support for the emancipation provided by peace-loving people outside the Iron Curtain have never ceased despite the buffeting from waves of appeasement. To the contrary, captive peoples and their supporters are marching forward with firm steps along a brightly illuminated road and showing matchless courage as they overcome tens of thousands of difficulties."
The President expressed his belief that "true world peace can be brought into existence only after the triumph of human freedom and that this triumph can be made manifest only by the mighty combined force of world justice and the masses of people shut behind the Iron Curtain."
Vice President C.K. Yen said the Mass Rally was "a manifestation of support for the rightful aspirations of the people of the world for freedom and independence." He said:
"Freedom of the people and world peace have been seriously threatened in the past because the democracies failed to deal a timely blow to the perverse force of Communism and surprisingly sometimes have even connived at the expansion of this force, thereby allowing it to kindle the flames of aggressive subversion and spread Communist poison everywhere."
The Vice President pointed out that "the spread of Communism began with the vicious moves of the Chinese Communists after their seizure of the mainland. Communism is the root cause of aggressive wars and the Chinese Communists are the chief culprits in present world turmoils. Various factions on the mainland are struggling against one another, overtly or covertly, plunging the Communist regime into repetitive crises. This has led the Chinese Communists to put on the false cloak of peace in an attempt to seize the opportunity to create favorable conditions for the tiding over of their internal crises through an external breakthrough ... Chinese Communist moves of today may be best described as 'smiles of treachery.' The Peiping regime can be expected never to change its tyrannical ways and aggressive nature.
"Some of the nations which have made deals with the Peiping regime are not aware of its perversion and tyranny. Their political leaders lack a sound philosophy and moral courage. They have betrayed the principle of justice they used to espouse by 'opening the door to greet the bandit.' They must accept the responsibility for tragedy. "
One hundred and sixty Chinese scholars and students, mostly from overseas, attended a two-week National Reconstruction Seminar at Taipei in mid-August. In addition to field tours, they discussed education and culture, science, foreign affairs and international publicity, tax and finance, industrial development and foreign trade, transportation and urban renewal, and social welfare and public health.
At a reception, Premier Chiang Ching-kuo said, "Our country is facing many difficulties and problems. However, we are not daunted. Nor is there any reason why we should be.
"Nor will we waver. We will adhere to the basic spirit on which our country is founded. We will struggle forever and survive."
Premier Chiang urged the participants to "go anywhere and talk to anybody." He said:"
"Ours is a free, democratic and open society. You may go to any place and talk about any problem. You may talk to taxi drivers, peddlers, shop clerks, anybody. You may do so not just in Taipei. You are welcome to visit farms and backwoods areas."
The seminar ended with these suggestions:
- Academic research should be even-handed with equal emphasis on natural science and humanities and social sciences.
- College curricula should be revised to allow for more elective courses and fewer required courses.
- The enrollment of vocational schools, junior colleges and universities should be readjusted to dovetail with socio-economic needs.
- Industrial research should be oriented to satisfy domestic and export needs.
- Development of heavy industry should be stressed and investment in basic techniques in light industry stepped up to ensure an adequate domestic supply of spare parts and subassemblies.
- Commodity inspection techniques should be improved to ensure high quality.
- The Ministry of Foreign Affairs should enlist Chinese scholars and specialists abroad as consultants to Chinese delegations at international meetings.
- The Ministry of Foreign Affairs should strengthen its study of the foreign policy of major powers with a view to working out counter-measures.
- There should" be a unified command of the Republic of China's overseas missions. Ambassadors should be given more authority.
- More attention should be given Europe and the Latin Americas in the Republic of China's diplomatic activities.
- Tariff policy should take into consideration the nation's economic policy aside from serving fiscal purposes.
- Economic resources should be used in a most efficient way and care should be taken to assure more equitable distribution of wealth.
- A sound accounting system should be established as the first step toward the modernization of banking and monetary operations.
- Social insurance programs should be implemented under unified authority, and agricultural insurance should be expanded.
Students of Chinese Communist affairs in Taipei said analysis of the Politburo elected by the tenth congress of the Chinese Communist Party showed the further rise of the Chiang Ching faction and the failure of the Chou En-lai group to form a center of gravity. The analysis included these points:
1. There was only one vice chairman in the ninth congress - Lin Piao. The number increased to five in the tenth congress: Chou En-lai, Wang Hung-wen, Kang Sheng, Yeh Chien-ying and Li Te-sheng. The meaning of the change is twofold:
A. If the Communist Party had continued to have one vice chairman, the post would have gone to Chou En-lai. The multiplicity suppresses and dilutes Chou's position and prestige and prevents him from rising higher.
B. Among the five vice chairmen, only Yeh Chien-ying belongs to Chou En-lai faction. The other three - Wang Hung-wen, Kang Sheng and Li Te-sheng - are Chiang Ching supporters. This indicates Chou En-lai has been isolated. Kang Sheng was the initiator of Chiang Ching's participation in the Chinese Communist Party and they are from the same province. Li Te-sheng is director of the political department of the Communist armed forces. His predecessor, Hsiao Hua, a Lin Piao man, has been deposed by Chiang Ching in the power struggle.
2. Among the nine standing members of the Politburo, only Chu Teh, Chang Chun-chiao and Tung Pi-wu were added to Mao Tse-tung and the five vice chairmen. Chu Teh and Tung Pi-wu are for window dressing, only the naming of Chang. Chun-chiao is meaningful. This also in creases Chiang Ching's influence.
3. Among the 21 members of the 10th Politburo, nine belong to the Mao and Chiang Ching husband-and-wife team. They are Wang Hung-wen, Hua Kuo-feng, Chi Teng-kuei, Wu Teh, Wang Tung-hsing. Li Te-sheng, Chang Chun-chiao, Yao Wen-yuan and Kang Sheng. Liu Po-cheng, Chu Teh and Tung Pi-wu are too old to be active. Only Yeh Chien-ying, Hsu Shih-yu and Li Hsien-nien can be roughly regarded as members of the Chou En-lai faction. Among the members of the Central Committee, no Chou En-lai supporter was elected to the Politburo. The strength of Chiang Ching and Chou En-lai in the Politburo is no longer proportional.
4. Chiang Ching and Yao Wen-yuan are not among the vice chairmen and members of the standing committee. This is a crafty gambit by Mao Tse-tung. Mao chose such aged and ailing persons as Chu Teh and Tung Pi-wu for the Politburo in an attempt to create a false image of party solidarity as expressed in membership of the party elders. Wang Hung-wen, Chang Chun-chiao and Li Te-sheng are Chiang Ching's proxies. Consequently, the fact that Chiang Ching and Yao Wen-yuan are not standing members of the Politburo does not affect their control over the CCP. The arrangement allows Chiang Ching to move to the front of the stage whenever she wishes.
5. Mao Tse-tung clearly understands that Chou En-lai is the Khrushchev of the CCP. He seeks to prevent the trick of de-Stalinization after his death. This prompted him to isolate Chou in choosing the personnel of the 10th Politburo. Chou has a doomed future.
Chinese scholars from Taipei delivered 15 academic papers and attended many cultural activities during the six-day 29th International Congress of Orientalists in Paris.
Dr. Han Li-wu's paper, "Chinese Culture on Trial," Dr. Warren Kuo's "The First Congress of the CCP" and Prof. Kuo Hsiang-kao's "Rural Economy and Rural Life in Taiwan" were warmly received.
Some 4,000 top sinologists from more than 35 countries and 90 institutions of high learning participated, including the 17-member delegation 'of the Republic of China led by Dr. Han Li-wu. Chinese delegates represented the Institute of International Relations, Academia Sinica, College of Chinese Culture, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan Normal University, Fujen University, Central Library and National History Museum.
An exhibition of paintings and ceramics sponsored by the ROC delegation was one of the features of the Congress. At least 20,000 persons visited the exhibition, which occupied three rooms on the campus of Sorbonne University, where the meeting was held.
Testifying before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs, Rep. Lester L. Wolff (Democrat, N.Y.) said that since the United States might have to withdraw its troops from South Korea after North Korea was admitted to the United Nations and might not have bases in Japan in five to ten years, the Republic of China would become strategically more important to the United States.
Others testifying included Henry Kearns, president of the Export-Import Bank of the United States; Martin Wilbur, professor of Columbia University; Dr. Ralph L. Powell, professor of American University; Admiral Jerauld Wright, ret., former U.S. ambassador to the Republic of China; Franz Michael of the Sino-Soviet Institute at George Washington University; and Maj. Gen. Richard G. Ciccolella, ret., former chief of the U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group in the Republic of China.
President Kearns pointed out the economic viability of the Republic of China. Prof. Wilbur stressed the right of self-determination of the free Chinese people on Taiwan.
Dr. Powell said Taiwan was important economically, strategically and psychologically, and that it would be unrealistic for "the United States to forget that all of the great powers of the Pacific have a significant interest in its future."
Ambassador Wright argued that the United States should support the people on Taiwan "in their desire to continue the development of their economy independent of outside domination and in their parallel and justifiable desire to control their own foreign relations."
"The Nationalist Chinese have very many friends in the Congress of the United States," said Rep. William S. Broomfield, a Michigan Republican.
Prof. Michael said, "This is not the moment for abandoning Taiwan."
Communist China faces "basic uncertainty and instability," he added. Mao Tse-tung is 79 and Chou En-lai, whom he called "ruthless and steely," is 75, he said. Chou "appears to be the chief decision maker," but any government tied to the "lives of two old men" is obviously shaky, he continued. Abandoning "the oldest ally in Asia" would raise questions about U.S. reliability and nuclear guarantees in all of Asia, Michael said.
Rep. Robert N.C. Mix (Democrat, Pa.), asked General Ciccolella whether he believed the Republic of China was vital to the security and economic interests of the United States. General Ciccolelia gave affirmative answers.
Plans to open a U.S. Trade Center in Taipei next year were announced by U.S. Secretary of Commerce Frederick B. Dent.
"The Republic of China now ranks twelfth among the nations in the volume of trade with the United States," Secretary Dent said.
"This trade center is evidence of our belief that government and business must work together if our export drive is to succeed."
The secretary said the Trade Center would be designed, constructed and managed by the U.S. Department of Commerce with the support of the State Department and the U.S. Embassy.
Secretary Dent said the Center would be opened in the spring of 1974 with an exhibition of U.S. industrial and scientific instrumentation by some 15 American firms.
Four other exhibitions sponsored by the Department of Commerce will be held in the Trade Center next year in addition to a full schedule of such other promotional events as catalog shows, seminars, trade missions and individual promotions by American companies.
The Center will have about 3,000 square feet of exhibition space, a library of selected commercial reference works, two small conference rooms, a conference room for seminars and business meetings to accommodate up to 60 persons and a businessmen's lounge. Office space will be provided for two representatives of the Republic of China's Board of Trade to spur increased imports from the United States.
The U.S. secretary of commerce held lengthy talks with his counterpart, Economic Affairs Minister Y.S. Sun.
Secretary Dent expressed regret at the export controls. He said the U.S. should be able to lift controls on agricultural products this fall.
Dent reiterated President Nixon's support of the government and people of the Republic of China and expressed the respect and admiration of the American people for the Chinese people.
Sun promised to consider lower tariffs on U.S. consumer goods.
During his four-day visit, Secretary Dent was received by Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Vice President C.K. Yen and Premier Chiang Ching-kuo.
General Albert C. Wedemeyer, ret., chief of general staff to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek in World War II, visited Taiwan in July. He warned the free world of losing sight of Communism's objective of world domination while talking about the "spirit of detente."
General Wedemeyer said; "I would like to believe that Communist declarations of peaceful intentions - of honoring, in spirit and to the letter, agreements that they make - could be accepted without any hesitation or doubt. But the record is there for all to see - clearly they have broken promises and betrayed agreements, particularly since World War II and whenever advantage accrued to them."
He expressed disillusionment with the U.N, NATO, SEATO and similar international organizations.
International organizations, multilateral treaties and agreements will be meaningless unless and until punitive measures are introduced· against those who fail to honor their commitments, he said.
Referring to the terms of the Nixon-Chou Shanghai Communique of February 28, 1972, the general said:
"There is no possible interpretation of the Shanghai Communique that we would relinquish treaty obligations, economic relations and political affiliations with our time-honored and traditional friend, the Republic of China."
Wedemeyer praised accomplishments of the Chinese government in Taiwan. He was impressed with construction of office buildings, hotels, factories, communications and roads. He paid tribute to Premier Chiang Ching-kuo for carrying on with dedication the excellent programs of his predecessor, Vice President C.K. Yen.
Representative Jack Kemp, who returned to the United States after attending the Taipei Mass Rally Supporting the Captive Nations, spoke of the importance and achievements of the Republic of China.
He told his colleagues that the status of the Republic of China was not negotiable because the freedom of the people of the Republic of China was not negotiable.
Kemp told the House that he totally rejected the idea that the Republic of China "can be used as a bargaining counter in any negotiations between major powers."
"We in the United States must not for one moment allow ourselves to forget that the Republic of China has always been among our most trust-worthy and loyal allies," he added.
He called upon his colleagues to support a recently introduced resolution in the House urging the U.S. government to do nothing to compromise the freedom of the Republic of China and its people. He said the Republic of China was "one of the most important and inspiring symbols of freedom in the world today ... (and) a symbol of man's indomitable will and desire for freedom."
"The real revolution in Asia is taking place on Taiwan where free people are accomplishing miracles despite recent adversity," he said.
He said that since its withdrawal from the United Nations, "the Republic of China has presented a picture of calm, resolute and determined self-confidence in the face of the injustice it has suffered."
Kemp attacked glowing reports written by those visiting the Chinese mainland. He said such reports neglected "the terrible human costs of these accomplishments in terms of both physical suffering and in the stifling of the individual creative spirit."
"No one can really understand what has taken place on the mainland and present conditions there unless they also visit Taiwan and personally talk with some of those who risked their lives to leave the mainland and hear their stories as I did," he said.
Members of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) will hold a four-day caucus November 12-15 to thresh out new guidelines for coping with the world situation.
Officially, the caucus will be the fourth plenary session of the 10th Central Committee. One of the most important subjects will be foreign relations.
Another topic will be self-renewal, officially known as the "proposal for the reconstruction and struggle of the party at the present stage."
Political reform will involve implementation of wide-ranging reforms Premier Chiang Ching-kuo initiated when he was sworn in last June 1.
All 90 members of the 10th Central Committee will take part in the meeting. At least 300 other senior members of the party will be invited as non-voting observers.
The party will form five "study groups" to work out the details of the agenda.
Legislators enacted a law to give agriculture a shot in the arm.
Major provisions of the statute are:
- An Agricultural Development Fund to be raised by government appropriations and private donations.
- Uncultivated land shall be developed with government and private investment. Land developed with government funds shall be turned over to farmers. Private investors shall be exempted from business tax and land tax.
- Cooperative farming shall be encouraged with a view to enlarging farms. Fragmentation shall be prevented by encouraging inheritance of farmland by a single heir.
- Special crop areas shall be designated for specific crops.
- Companies buying machines for agricultural service shall be exempted from business tax.
- Wholesale markets shall be established with government assistance.
Rizal Yuyitung, a Manila Chinese newsman who was deported to Taiwan and served three years in a reformatory for spreading Communist propaganda, was released and prepared to take a teaching job in the United States.
He told newsmen at a dinner party arranged by his lawyer, J.C. Quijano, that he had accepted an invitation to teach at the University of Kansas School of Journalism.
Rizal and his brother, Quintin, were deported from Manila in 1970. Rizal, then 49, editor of the Chinese Commercial News of Manila, was sentenced to three years and Quintin, then 55, the publisher, to two years.
Quijano said Quintin was operating a trade center in San Francisco.
Rate of population growth dropped from 2.086 per cent in 1971 to 1.943 per cent last year.
A total of 365,749 babies was born last year. The birth rate was 2.415 per cent. Deaths totaled 71,486 persons in 1972, a rate of 0.472 per cent.
Taiwan's population stood at 15,289,048 at the end of 1972. There were 425 persons per square kilometers.
The economy will have to absorb 325,000 skilled and nonskilled workers a year, according to estimate of the Ministry of Education's Department of Vocational Education, which put the number of the nonskilled job seekers at two thirds of the would-be workers.
The job hunters include some 215,000 graduates and dropouts from the primary schools and junior and senior middle schools each year. Unless job training is given, employment will become a serious problem, the department said.
About 23,000 college graduates leave the country for advanced training at foreign institutions each year. Most outbound students are science and engineering majors.
Unemployment stood at 1.34 per cent last April. Only 68,000 persons were out of Job, a survey conducted by the Taiwan Provincial Social Affairs Department showed.
The labor force numbered 5,065,000 as of the end of April. Of these, 4,997,000 were employed.
The labor force represented 32.66 per cent of the population of 15.4 million. Of workers, 1,775,000 or 35.52 per cent were employed by service industries, 1,674,000 or 34.68 per cent in manufacturing and 1,547,000 or 30.9 per cent in agriculture.
To raise and educate a child in Taiwan until graduation from university will cost at least NT$220,000 (US$5,790), according to a survey conducted by the Family Planning Committee of the Provincial Health Department.
If the housewife works, the cost will go as high as NT$270,000 (US$8,100), because she will need to hire a servant.
However, people of Taiwan are getting richer, thanks to the economic boom.
Taiwan's economy has grown at an annual rate of 10 per cent in the last decade.
One reflection of this is the demand for safe-deposit boxes. The wealthy rent such boxes at banks or trust companies to store their securities, jewels and other valuables.
A banking source said people rented small safe-deposit boxes a few years ago. "No one wanted big boxes," he said.
Now, he said, most people want the bigger ones.
Another evidence: Every 1,000 persons in Taiwan share 43 telephones compared with 35.7 last year.
As of the end of July, Taiwan had 662,000 telephones. By 1976, there will be seven telephones per 100 people.
Nearly nine of every ten families own TV sets. A survey showed 86.67 sets per 100 households.
Other amenities per hundred families are 69 refrigerators, 5.33 air-conditioners, 35.33 washing machines, 23 telephones, 30.33 cameras and 61 newspapers.
A Taipei household consists of 5.2 persons, of whom 1.4 are employed.
Average monthly income is NT$6,921.7 (US$182), of which NT$6,045.11 (US$158) is spent. Salaries make up 58 per cent of income.
Food and housing take nearly 61 per cent of income - 37.28 per cent for food and 23.73 per cent for housing.
Other expenditures are education and entertainment, 8.28 per cent; clothing, 6.62 per cent; fuel and lighting, 4.62 per cent; transportation, 4.13 per cent; medical care, 3.12 per cent; tobacco, 2.45 per cent; servants, 1.66 per cent; furniture, 1.55 per cent; beverages, 1.04 per cent; and miscellaneous, 5.45 per cent.
The gap between the high and low incomes is narrow. Families with annual income of NT$30,000 (US$790) represent only 4.37 per cent.
A business executive earns an average of NT$12,000 (US$316) a month. A professional draws average monthly pay of NT$10,000 (US$263).
NT$372 million (US$9.79 million) was appropriated by the National Government to finance a four-year program to remove highway bottlenecks.
Taiwan is building a 235-mile freeway to link Keelung in the north with Kaohsiung in the south. It will be completed in about six years.
"Before it is completed," a spokesman said, "we'll have to do our best to cope with increasingly heavy traffic along the west coast."
Bottlenecks are found between Taipei and Taoyuan in the north, Fengyuan and Changhua in central Taiwan and Tainan and Kaohsiung in the south.
At least NT$150 million will be made available to the Taiwan Provincial Government to remove the bottleneck between Tainan and Kaohsiung.
NT$140 million will be allocated to improve feeder roads and NT$50 million to improve grade crossings between Changhua and Yuanlin in central Taiwan.